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6CCVD Research

Flow injection analysis system with electrochemical detection for the simultaneous determination of nanomolar levels of acetaminophen and codeine

At a Glance

Section titled ā€œAt a Glanceā€
MetadataDetails
Publication Date2017-04-26
JournalArabian Journal of Chemistry
AuthorsAnderson M. Santos, Tiago Almeida Silva, Fernando CampanhĆ£ Vicentini, Orlando Fatibelloā€Filho
InstitutionsUniversidade Federal de SĆ£o Carlos
Citations43

Abstract

Section titled ā€œAbstractā€

A simple, rapid and low-cost electroanalytical method is proposed for the determination of acetaminophen (ACP) and codeine (COD) at nanomolar levels in pharmaceutical and biological samples. The analytical procedure is based on a flow injection analysis system coupled to electrochemical detection, which was multiple pulse amperometry (FIA-MPA). Boron-doped diamond was used as the working electrode for electrochemical detection. The electrode was subjected to a cathodic pretreatment and was selected in this work due its good electrochemical performance. By applying the FIA-MPA method, after a number of optimization assays, the analgesics were simultaneously determined at excellent linear concentration ranges. The analytical curves ranged from 80 nmol Lāˆ’1 to 100 Āµmol Lāˆ’1 for ACP and from 50 nmol Lāˆ’1 to 10 Āµmol Lāˆ’1 for COD, and the obtained limits of detection were 30 nmol Lāˆ’1 and 35 nmol Lāˆ’1 for ACP and COD, respectively. The practical applicability of the electroanalytical method was evaluated from the ACP and COD determination in two sample matrices: commercial pharmaceutical samples and biological fluids. In the case of pharmaceutical formulation samples, the obtained results were statistically similar to those obtained using a reference chromatographic method. In addition, these drugs were simultaneously quantified in biological fluid samples of urine and human serum with excellent recovery percentages. Keywords: Paracetamol, Codeine, Flow injection analysis, Boron-doped diamond, Multiple pulse amperometry

Tech Support

Section titled ā€œTech Supportā€

Original Source

Section titled ā€œOriginal Sourceā€

References

Section titled ā€œReferencesā€
  1. 2014 - Facile simultaneous electrochemical determination of codeine and acetaminophen in pharmaceutical samples and biological fluids by graphene CoFe2O4 nanocomposite modified carbon paste electrode [Crossref]
  2. 1986 - Simultaneous quantitative determination of codeine phosphate, chlorpheniramine maleate phenylephrine hydrochloride and acetaminophen in pharmaceutical dosage forms using thin layer chromatography densitometry [Crossref]
  3. 2012 - A sensor for simultaneous determination of acetaminophen and codeine at glassy carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes [Crossref]
  4. 2001 - Predictors for completing an inpatient detoxification program among intravenous heroin users, methadone substituted and codeine substituted patients [Crossref]
  5. 2013 - Simultaneous determination of some analgesic drugs using mixed mode stationary phase [Crossref]
  6. 1984 - Combination analgesics [Crossref]
  7. 1996 - Additive analgesic effect of codeine and paracetamol can be detected in strong, but not moderate, pain after Caesarean section - Baseline pain-intensity is a determinant of assay-sensitivity in a postoperative analgesic trial [Crossref]
  8. 1986 - Paracetamol and phenacetin [Crossref]

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