Selective Determination of Verapamil in Pharmaceutics and Urine Using a Boron‐doped Diamond Electrode Coupled to Flow Injection Analysis with Multiple‐pulse Amperometric Detection
At a Glance
Section titled “At a Glance”| Metadata | Details |
|---|---|
| Publication Date | 2018-04-25 |
| Journal | Electroanalysis |
| Authors | Amanda Barbosa Lima, Lucas Franco Ferreira, Sandro L. Barbosa, Eric de Souza Gil, Rodrigo Amorim Bezerra da Silva |
| Institutions | Universidade Federal de Goiás, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia |
| Citations | 20 |
Abstract
Section titled “Abstract”Abstract This work presents a simple and low‐cost method for fast and selective determination of Verapamil (VP) in tablets and human urine samples using a boron‐doped diamond working electrode (BDD) coupled to a flow injection analysis system with multiple pulse amperometric detection (FIA‐MPA). The electrochemical behaviour of VP in 0.1 mol L −1 sulfuric acid showed three merged oxidation peaks at around +1.4 V and upon reverse scan, one reduction peak at 0.0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The MPA detection was performed applying a sequence of three potential pulses on BDD electrode: (1) at +1.6 V for VP oxidation, (2) at +0.2 V for reduction of the oxidized product and (3) at +0.1 V for cleaning of the working electrode surface. The FIA system was optimized with injection volume of 150 μL and flow rate of 3.5 mL min −1 . The method showed a linear range from 0.8 to 40.0 μmol L −1 (R>0.99) with a low limit of detection of 0.16 μmol L −1 , good repeatability (RSD<2.2 %; n=10) and sample throughput (45 h −1 ). Selective determination of VP in urine was performed at+0.2 V due to absence of interference from ascorbic and uric acids in this potential. The addition‐recovery tests in both samples were close to 100 % and the results were similar to an official method.
Tech Support
Section titled “Tech Support”Original Source
Section titled “Original Source”References
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