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6CCVD Research

Fate of Diclofenac and Its Transformation and Inorganic By-Products in Different Water Matrices during Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Process Using a Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode

At a Glance

Section titled “At a Glance”
MetadataDetails
Publication Date2020-06-12
JournalWater
AuthorsCarolin Heim, Mohamad Rajab, Giorgia Greco, Sylvia Grosse, Jörg E. Drewes
InstitutionsTechnical University of Munich
Citations17

Abstract

Section titled “Abstract”

The focus of this study was to investigate the efficacy of applying boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes in an electrochemical advanced oxidation process, for the removal of the target compound diclofenac (DCF) in different water matrices. The reduction of DCF, and at the same time the formation of transformation products (TPs) and inorganic by-products, was investigated as a function of electrode settings and the duration of treatment. Kinetic assessments of DCF and possible TPs derived from data from the literature were performed, based on a serial chromatographic separation with reversed-phase liquid chromatographyfollowed by hydophilic interaction liquid chromatography (RPLC-HILIC system) coupled to ESI-TOF mass spectrometry. The application of the BDD electrode resulted in the complete removal of DCF in deionized water, drinking water and wastewater effluents spiked with DCF. As a function of the applied current density, a variety of TPs appeared, including early stage products, structures after ring opening and highly oxidized small molecules. Both the complexity of the water matrix and the electrode settings had a noticeable influence on the treatment process’s efficacy. In order to achieve effective removal of the target compound under economic conditions, and at the same time minimize by-product formation, it is recommended to operate the electrode at a moderate current density and reduce the extent of the treatment.

Tech Support

Section titled “Tech Support”

Original Source

Section titled “Original Source”

References

Section titled “References”
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  4. 2016 - Status of hormones and pain killers in wastewater effluents across several European states—Consideration for the EU watch list considering estradiol and diclofenac
  5. 2016 - Diclofenac and its transformation products: Environmental occurence and toxicity—A review [Crossref]
  6. 2015 - Biotransformation of trace organic chemical attenuation during groundwater recharge: How useful are first-order rate constants? [Crossref]
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  9. 2008 - Occurrence of diclofenac and selected metabolites in sewage effluents [Crossref]

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