New Insights and Latest Developments in Different Disciplines of Physics through Nanotechnology
At a Glance
Section titled âAt a Glanceâ| Metadata | Details |
|---|---|
| Publication Date | 2022-03-22 |
| Journal | Scholars Bulletin |
| Authors | Muhammad Shaban, Hamza Khalid, Muhammad Adnan, Majid Naseem, Adeeba Noshahi |
| Institutions | University of the Punjab, University of Agriculture Faisalabad |
| Citations | 1 |
| Analysis | Full AI Review Included |
Executive Summary
Section titled âExecutive SummaryâThis paper reviews how nanotechnology is driving fundamental advancements across various disciplines of physics, including atomic, molecular, nuclear, thermodynamics, and photonics, providing enhanced physical and chemical basis studies for novel compounds.
- Nanophotonics and Opto-electronics: Nanotechnology enables the design of advanced opto-electronic devices, including the potential for controlling electronic interactions on a chip using coherent light produced on the same chip.
- Quantum Systems: Advances focus on developing quantum sensing and quantum computing, relying heavily on nanoscale semiconductor materials and fundamental quantum properties.
- Enhanced Energy Conversion: Solar cell technology is significantly improved by applying nanoparticle coatings to solid surfaces, utilizing surface plasmons to boost energy conversion efficiency.
- Thermal Management: Nanoparticle coatings and nanofluids enhance heat transfer capabilities; modern heat pipes coated with nanoparticles transfer heat several hundred times faster than traditional solid copper rods.
- Materials Science: Core-shell metallic nanoparticles exhibit superior electric and magnetic resonances, making them highly valuable for manufacturing reliable electronics and metallurgical components.
- Molecular Sensing: Combinations of integrated nanoparticles and hybrid atomic systems are being developed for highly efficient, ultrasensitive sensor devices with minimal environmental hazards.
Technical Specifications
Section titled âTechnical SpecificationsâThe following data points highlight the performance metrics and physical scales enabled by nanotechnology as discussed in the review.
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Context |
|---|---|---|---|
| Relative Heat Transfer Rate | Several hundred times faster | N/A | Performance of modern nanoparticle-coated heat pipes compared to a solid copper rod. |
| Light Interaction Scale | Micro nanometer | m (10-9 to 10-6) | Scale at which light interacts with matter in nanophotonics and opto-electronics design. |
| Quantum Dot Emission (Large Size) | Larger range | Wavelength | Quantum dots with larger size emit light in the longer wavelength range. |
| Quantum Dot Emission (Small Size) | Shorter range | Wavelength | Quantum dots with smaller size emit light in the shorter wavelength range. |
| Nanoparticle Electrical Properties | Excellent | N/A | Metallic nanoparticles exhibit high potential due to excellent electric and magnetic resonances. |
| Nanofluid Performance | Enhanced | N/A | Improved thermo physical properties and critical heat flux compared to traditional base fluids. |
Key Methodologies
Section titled âKey MethodologiesâNanotechnology facilitates material synthesis and device enhancement through several advanced processing techniques:
- Vapor Deposition: A process used for atomistic coating where source material is heated to a temperature where it achieves an appreciable vapor pressure, allowing atoms or molecules to move from the vacuum to the substrate for condensation.
- Nanoparticle Coating for Energy: Nanoparticles are coated onto the adhered materials of solid surfaces (e.g., solar cells) to strategically locate surface plasmons, maximizing energy conversion efficiency.
- Nanofluid Formulation: Different types of nanoparticles are mixed into a base fluid to modify and enhance the thermo physical properties (e.g., heat transfer, viscosity) of the fluid.
- Microwave Plasma Enhancement: Applied microwave frequency is used to oscillate electrons, resulting in a high degree of ionization and large collisions, utilized for applications such as the deposition of diamond films.
- Electrospinning: A fabrication technique mentioned specifically for synthesizing nanostructures, such as Cobalt Ferrite (CoFe2O4).
- Layering Processing: A sequential manufacturing method used to maintain material flow and ensure the quality of aspirated products, critical for manufacturing reliable mechanical parts.
Commercial Applications
Section titled âCommercial ApplicationsâThe integration of nanotechnology across physics disciplines yields direct benefits for several high-value industrial sectors:
| Industry/Discipline | Specific Application/Product | Nanotechnology Advantage |
|---|---|---|
| Advanced Electronics | Nanochips, highly designed semiconductors, opto-electronic devices. | Increased efficiency, longer shelf life, and reduced manufacturing cost compared to traditionally used objects. |
| Energy & Power | Nano-based solar cells, optical fibers, high-efficiency heat pipes. | Efficient conversion of energy; heat transfer rates hundreds of times faster than copper; improved thermal management. |
| Computing & Sensing | Quantum computers, ultrasensitive sensor devices, quantum sensing. | Enables devices based on fundamental quantum properties; provides highly efficient sensing with minimal environmental hazards. |
| Materials Manufacturing | Mechanical parts, metallurgical engineering, core-shell nanoparticles. | Provides versatile applications and reliable products with enhanced physical properties (e.g., electric and magnetic resonances). |
| Environmental Remediation | Groundwater cleaning, photocatalytic degradation systems. | Nanoparticles convert toxic molecules into less toxic forms, addressing serious health issues in contaminated water. |
| Atomic Physics | Highly designed semiconductors, quantum dots for optoelectronics. | Utilizes quantum confinement effects; critical for achieving industrial goals in light emission and semiconductor performance. |
View Original Abstract
Recent advances in physics have been made through nanotechnology that employed the nanoparticles and provide the physical and chemical basis studies of various compounds. In this regards, various branches of physical such as atomic, molecular, nuclear, thermodynamics and photonics all also made several recent perspectives in their main areas. Many photonics based objected have been designed through advances in nanotechnology for example, nature of opto-electronics as it now becomes possible to imagine using coherent light produced on a chip to control electronic interactions on the same chip. The new technologies are focusing on the development of quantum physics has applied to the nanoscale systems in order to understand the as quantum sensing. Molecular physics associated with combinations of the nanoparticles intergraded with atoms and hybrid systems that would be helpful for the ultrasensitive sensor devices that are most efficient and no environmental hazards while some of the old and traditionally used devices and machines are poorly understood with noise pollution and no significant in their preparations. As, quantum computing is based on physical materials, the choice of material is important and semiconductor materials. The newly solar cell technology has been also folding the nanoparticles coating to the adhered materials of the solid surfaces for when surface plasmon is located in front of a solar cell. Microwave plasma-enhanced also applied for the different applications of diamond films. X-ray diffraction for thermodynamic based materials also important because of the some phenomenon happening in nature deals with heat, work and temperature, and their relation to energy.