Detection of Cisplatin with Boron‐Doped Diamond Thin‐Film Electrodes Using Flow Injection Analysis and Ion Exclusion Chromatography with Amperometric Detection
At a Glance
Section titled “At a Glance”| Metadata | Details |
|---|---|
| Publication Date | 2025-07-01 |
| Journal | Electroanalysis |
| Authors | Aaron Jacobs, Alice W. Njue, Greg M. Swain |
| Institutions | Michigan State University, Egerton University |
| Analysis | Full AI Review Included |
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Executive Summary
Section titled “Executive Summary”- Value Proposition: Demonstrates the feasibility of using boron-doped diamond (BDD) thin-film electrodes for the electrochemical detection of cisplatin, a chemotherapy drug.
- Achievement: Developed a flow injection analysis with amperometric detection (FIA-EC) method for cisplatin detection with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 µM in standard solutions.
- Achievement: Successfully integrated ion exclusion chromatography (IEC) with amperometric detection (EC) to selectively detect cisplatin in spiked human urine, mitigating interference from other electrochemically active species.
- Method: Utilized cyclic voltammetry to characterize cisplatin oxidation at BDD electrodes and optimized FIA-EC parameters for sensitive detection.
- Benefit: BDD electrodes offer advantages such as no required pretreatment, low background current, and electrochemical stability at high potentials.
- Benefit: IEC adds selectivity for cisplatin detection in complex biological matrices like urine, improving accuracy.
- Potential: The developed methods offer a cost-effective and reproducible approach for cisplatin monitoring in pharmaceutical and clinical settings.
Technical Specifications
Section titled “Technical Specifications”| Parameter | Value | Unit | Context
View Original Abstract
In this work, we investigated the electrochemical behavior of cisplatin at boron‐doped diamond (BDD) thin‐film electrodes using cyclic voltammetry. Flow injection analysis with amperometric detection (FIA‐EC) was used to determine the detection figures of merit. No electrode surface modification or conventional pretreatment was required to activate the BDD electrodes. Diffusion‐limited oxidation of cisplatin, dissolved in 0.1 M HClO 4 , occurred at 1.3 V (vs. Ag/AgCl (3M KCl)) in cyclic voltammetric measurements and at 1.5 V in hydrodynamic voltammetric measurements. FIA‐EC peak current responses were reproducible over 10 consecutive injections of 100 μM cisplatin (relative standard deviation (RSD) = 2.7%) at 1.5 V. The FIA‐EC peak current increased linearly with the cisplatin concentration from 1 to 100 μM (r 2 = 0.988). The minimum detectable concentration was experimentally determined to be 0.5 μM (S/N = 3). Detection of cisplatin in spiked human urine was also investigated using FIA‐EC. Other electrochemically active species present in the urine specimen interfered with cisplatin detection at 1.5 V. These interferents were separated from cisplatin in the spiked urine specimen using solid‐phase extraction (SPE) sample pretreatment and ion exclusion chromatography. Both ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) and amperometric detection were compared. Cisplatin was detected 8.9 min after injection using a UV/Vis photodiode array (PDA) and 9.3 min after injection using BDD in an amperometric detector placed in series. Overall, BDD electrodes are a good choice for the reproducible and sensitive electrochemical detection of cisplatin using FIA‐EC or ion exclusion chromatography prior to amperometric detection. Ion exclusion chromatography (IEC) adds selectivity for the electrochemical detection of cisplatin in urine specimens.