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Measuring the Lower Critical Field of Superconductors Using Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond Optical Magnetometry

MetadataDetails
Publication Date2019-01-17
JournalPhysical Review Applied
AuthorsK R Joshi, N. M. Nusran, M.A. Tanatar, Kyuil Cho, Wayne R. Meier
InstitutionsAmes National Laboratory, Iowa State University
Citations37

The lower critical magnetic field, $H_{c1}$, of superconductors is measured\nby using ensembles of NV-centers-in-diamond optical magnetometry. The technique\nis minimally invasive, and has sub-gauss field sensitivity and sub-$\mu$m\nspatial resolution, which allow for accurate detection of the vector field at\nwhich the vortices start penetrating the sample from the corners. Aided by the\nrevised calculations of the effective demagnetization factors of actual cuboid\n- shaped samples, $H_{c1}$ and the London penetration depth, $\lambda$, derived\nfrom $H_{c1}$ can be obtained. We apply this method to three well-studied\nsuperconductors: optimally doped Ba(Fe${1-x}$Co${x}$)$_2$As$_2$,\nstoichiometric CaKFe$_4$As$_4$, and high-$T_c$ cuprate\nYBa$_2$Cu$3$O${7-\delta}$. Our results are well compared with the values of\n$\lambda$ obtained using other techniques, thus adding another non-destructive\nand sensitive method to measure these important parameters of superconductors.\n