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Book reviews [6 books reviewed]

MetadataDetails
Publication Date2020-03-01
JournalIEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine
AuthorsJ.J. Shea
AnalysisFull AI Review Included

This analysis focuses on the emerging field of Ultra-Wide Bandgap Semiconductor (UWBGS) materials, positioning them as the next generation of high-performance electronic materials beyond Silicon Carbide (SiC) and Gallium Nitride (GaN).

  • Core Value Proposition: UWBGS materials (including AlGaN, diamond, beta-Ga2O3, and boron nitrides) promise significantly higher breakdown fields, superior temperature stability, and enhanced irradiation robustness compared to existing Wide Bandgap (WBG) materials.
  • Key Materials: The research details the development and application of AlGaN, synthetic diamond, and beta-Ga2O3, which are critical for next-step power and optoelectronic devices.
  • Processing Focus: Significant effort is dedicated to mastering epitaxial growth techniques, controlling defects in AIN substrates and films, and developing single-crystal wafer production for diamond.
  • Device Implementation: Specific device fabrication methods are covered, including diamond-based Schottky barrier diodes, FETs, and MOSFETs, demonstrating practical device physics.
  • High-Performance Applications: The primary commercial targets are high-efficiency power electronic applications (inverters, converters) and specialized optoelectronic devices, such as solar-blind deep-UV detectors.
  • Reference Value: The work serves as an in-depth technical reference for researchers seeking materials superior to current WBG standards in fast-growing electronic fields.

The following table summarizes the key material properties and performance targets discussed for UWBGS materials, often presented in comparison to established WBG materials (SiC, GaN).

ParameterValueUnitContext
Material ClassUltra-Wide Bandgap (UWBGS)N/ASuccessor materials to WBG (SiC, GaN)
Target Breakdown FieldHigherN/ACritical for high-voltage power switching devices
Target Temperature StabilityHigherN/ARequired for high-power, harsh environment operation
Irradiation RobustnessHigherN/ACompared to current WBG semiconductors
Diamond Device TypesSchottky, FETs, MOSFETsN/ADevices fabricated using synthetic diamond wafers
Diamond ApplicationDeep-UV DetectionN/AUsed for solar-blind sensing applications
Sapphire Optical RangeUV to far IRWavelengthTransmission range comparison with diamond
Diamond StructureCrystal StructureN/AEssential details of sp3 structure are described
Beta-Ga2O3 FocusGrowth Methods, DefectsN/AChapter 3 details processing and impurity control

The research outlines several critical methodologies necessary for the successful development and deployment of UWBGS materials and devices.

  1. Material Growth and Synthesis:

    • Synthetic Diamond: Description of various growth methods and processes for achieving single-crystal wafer production.
    • Epitaxial Film Growth: Detailed discussion of techniques for growing AlGaN epitaxial films and controlling defects in AIN substrates.
    • Beta-Ga2O3 Processing: Coverage of growth methods, defect analysis, and impurity control specific to beta-Ga2O3.
  2. Device Physics and Fabrication:

    • Diamond Device Physics: Explanation of the fundamental physics governing diamond-fabricated devices (Schottky barrier diodes, FETs, and MOSFETs).
    • AlGaN Device Development: Focus on the fabrication and performance of AlGaN-based power electronic and optoelectronic devices.
  3. Material Characterization (Diamond and Sapphire):

    • Mechanical Properties: Measurement of hardness, tensile/compressive strength, Young’s modulus, and elastic constants.
    • Thermal Properties: Analysis of expansion, specific heat, and thermal conductivity.
    • Optical Properties: Determination of transmission range (UV to far IR), refractive index, and absorption characteristics.
    • Light Scattering: Investigation using Raman and Brillouin scattering techniques.

The UWBGS research directly supports several high-growth sectors requiring extreme performance characteristics not achievable with traditional silicon or current WBG materials.

Industry/ApplicationMaterial FocusCommercial Product Examples
High-Efficiency Power ElectronicsAlGaN, beta-Ga2O3, DiamondInverters, converters, solid-state switching devices for electric vehicles and grid infrastructure.
OptoelectronicsAlGaNAdvanced light-emitting and detection devices requiring specific bandgap characteristics.
Specialized SensingDiamondSolar-blind deep-UV detectors used in defense, space, and industrial monitoring.
Harsh Environment ElectronicsUWBGS (General)Components requiring high temperature stability and resistance to high irradiation environments.
Laser TechnologySapphire (Doped)Active media for chromium-doped and titanium-doped sapphire lasers.
View Original Abstract

The following 6 books are reviewed: Physical Properties of Diamond and Sapphire (Aggarwal, R.L. and Ramdas, A.K.; 2019); Ultra-Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Materials (Liao, M, et al; 2019); Transformer Design Principles, 3rd Edition (DelVecchio, R.M., 2018); Lubrication of Electrical and Mechanical Components in Electrical Power Equipment (Chudnovsky, B.H.; 2019); Encapsulation Technologies for Electronic Applications, 2nd Edition (Ardebili, H., et al); and The Mathematics that Power Our World—How Is It Made? (Khoury, J. and Lamothe, G.; 2016).