Skip to content
6CCVD Research

Environmental Impact of Physical Vapour Deposition and Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition Technologies for Deposition of Diamond-like Carbon Coatings for Green Tribology

At a Glance

Section titled ā€œAt a Glanceā€
MetadataDetails
Publication Date2025-02-12
JournalCoatings
AuthorsLarissa Ihara, Guizhi Wu, A. Cavaleiro, Ardian Morina, Liuquan Yang
InstitutionsUniversity of Coimbra, University of Leeds

Abstract

Section titled ā€œAbstractā€

With low friction and high hardness, diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings are a prominent surface engineering solution for tribosystems in various applications. Their versatility stems from their varying composition, facilitated by different deposition techniques, which affect their properties. However, environmental impact is often overlooked in coating design. The objective of this paper is to assess the resource efficiency of four different common deposition techniques, thus identifying critical factors for sustainable DLC deposition. The coatings were deposited in one single chamber, enabling a direct comparison of the resource consumption of each technology. Expenditure of electric energy and consumables per volumetric output accounted for the environmental impact of manufacturing the coatings, which was evaluated across the indicators of damage to human health, damage to ecosystems, and resource scarcity. Electric energy use, dictated by deposition rate, was demonstrated to be the most significant factor contributing to the environmental impact. The environmental impact of PECVD and Ī¼W-PECVD was comparable and remarkably lower than that of dcMS and HiPIMS, the latter being the least energy efficient process, with the lowest output rate but highest energy expenditure. Thus, Ī¼W-PECVD could be considered the ā€˜greenestā€™ production method. These findings are consequential for coaters to efficiently produce good-quality DLCs with low environmental impact.

Tech Support

Section titled ā€œTech Supportā€

Original Source

Section titled ā€œOriginal Sourceā€

References

Section titled ā€œReferencesā€
  1. 2014 - History of diamond-like carbon filmsā€”From first experiments to worldwide applications [Crossref]
  2. 1997 - Thick stress-free amorphous-tetrahedral carbon films with hardness near that of diamond [Crossref]
  3. 2000 - Interpretation of Raman spectra of disordered and amorphous carbon [Crossref]
  4. 1986 - Empirical categorization and naming of ā€œdiamond-likeā€ carbon films [Crossref]
  5. 2008 - Comparison of diamond-like carbon to diamond for applications [Crossref]
  6. 1997 - Evidence of graphitization of diamond-like carbon films during sliding wear [Crossref]
  7. 2003 - Electronic and atomic structure of diamond-like carbon [Crossref]
  8. 1983 - rf-plasma deposited amorphous hydrogenated hard carbon thin films: Preparation, properties, and applications [Crossref]
  9. 1996 - Hydrogen-free amorphous carbon films: Correlation between growth conditions and properties [Crossref]
  10. 2014 - Optimization of the Deposition Parameters of DLC Coatings with the IC-PECVD Method [Crossref]

Reads Similar to This

Ferromagnetism in a diamond-like carbon film after nickel implantation Transient Formation of Single Layer Diamond During Friction Force Microscopy of SiCā€Supported Epitaxial Graphene Microwave-free wide-field magnetometry using nitrogen-vacancy centers