Ensemble spin fabrication and manipulation of NV centres for magnetic sensing in diamond
At a Glance
Section titled “At a Glance”| Metadata | Details |
|---|---|
| Publication Date | 2017-09-18 |
| Journal | Sensor Review |
| Authors | Jiliang Mu, Zhang Qu, Zongmin Ma, Shaowen Zhang, Yun‐Bo Shi |
| Institutions | National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, North University of China |
| Citations | 15 |
Abstract
Section titled “Abstract”Purpose This study aims to fabricate and manipulate ensemble spin of negative nitrogen-vacancy (NV − ) centres optimally for future solid atomic magnetometers/gyroscope. Parameters for sample preparation most related to magnetometers/gyroscope are, in particular, the concentration and homogeneity of the NV − centres, the parameters’ microwave antenna of resonance frequency and the strength of the microwave on NV − centres. Besides, the abundance of other impurities such as neutral NV centres (NV 0 ) and substitutional nitrogen in the lattice also plays a critical role in magnetic sensing. Design/methodology/approach The authors succeeded in fabricating the assembly of NV centres in diamond and they determined its concentration of (2-3) × 10 16 cm −3 with irradiation followed by annealing under a high temperature condition. They explored a novel magnetic resonance approach to detect the weak magnetic fields that takes advantage of the solid-state electron ensemble spin of NV − centres in diamond. In particular, the authors set up a magnetic sensor on the basis of the assembly of NV centres. They succeeded in fabricating the assembly of NV centres in diamond and determined its concentration. They also clarified the magnetic field intensity measured at different positions along the antenna with different lengths, and they found the optimal position where the signal of the magnetic field reaches the maximum. Findings The authors mainly reported preparation, initialization, manipulation and measurement of the ensemble spin of the NV centres in diamond using optical excitation and microwave radiation methods with variation of the external magnetic field. They determined the optimal parameters of irradiation and annealing to generate the ensemble NV centres, and a concentration of NV − centres as high as 10 16 cm −3 in diamond was obtained. In addition, they found that sensitivity of the magnetometer using this method can reach as low as 5.22 µT/Hz currently. Practical implications This research can shed light on the development of an atomic magnetometer and a gyroscope on the basis of the ensemble spin of NV centres in diamond. Social implications High concentration spin of NV − in diamond is one of the advantages compared with that of the atomic vapor cells, because it can obtain a higher concentration. When increasing the spin concentration, the spin signal is easy to detect, and macro-atomic spin magnetometer become possible. This research is the first step for solid atomic magnetometers with high spin density and high sensitivity potentially with further optimization. It has a wide range of applications from fundamental physics tests, sensor applications and navigation to detection of NMR signals. Originality/value As has been pointed out, in this research, the authors mainly worked on fabricating NV − centres with high concentration (10 15 -10 16 cm −3 ) in diamond by using optimal irradiation and annealing processes, and they quantitatively defined the NV − concentration, which is important for the design of higher concentration processes in the magnetometer and gyroscope. Until now, few groups can directly define the NV − concentration. Besides, the authors optimized the microwave antenna parameters experimentally and explored the dependence between the splitting of the magnetic resonance and the magnetic fields, which dictated the minimum detectable magnetic field.
Tech Support
Section titled “Tech Support”Original Source
Section titled “Original Source”References
Section titled “References”- 2010 - Broadband magnetometry by infrared-absorption detection of nitrogen-vacancy ensembles in diamond [Crossref]
- 2009 - Diamonds with a high density of nitrogen-vacancy centers for magnetometry applications [Crossref]
- 2009 - Diamonds with a high density of nitrogen-vacancy centers for magnetometry applications
- 2010 - Temperature dependence of the nitrogen-vacancy magnetic resonance in diamond [Crossref]
- 2013 - Electromagnetically-induced transparency in a diamond spin ensemble enables all-optical electromagnetic field sensing”, physics
- 2012 - Stable three-axis nuclear spin gyroscope in diamond
- 2001 - Migration of nitrogen in electron-irradiated type IB diamond
- 2004 - The annealing of interstitial-related optical centres in type IB diamond
- 2008 - Scanning magnetic field microscope with a diamond single-spin sensor [Crossref]
- 2014 - Measuring the defect structure orientation of a single NV- centre in diamond [Crossref]